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Practical Web Test Automation with Selenium WebDriver

Test web applications wisely with Selenium WebDriver

Zhimin Zhan

Facebook releases twice a day; LinkedIn pushes out updates several times a day. What do they do in common to achieve that? Comprehensive automated UI testing.

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About

About

About the Book

While few people deny the benefits of test automation, comprehensive automated testing via UI (browser for web applications) is rarely implemented in software projects. Common reasons for projects' failed attempts on test automation are:

  • Difficult to learn - test scripts are complex and testing tools are not easy to use
  • Hard to maintain - UI tests are vulnerable to application changes
  • Long feedback loop - automated tests take too long to run

To succeed in automated testing via UI, software projects need to overcome all these 3 challenges.

This book presents a practical approach to implementing test automation for web applications. Topics include:

  • Developing easy to read and maintain Selenium WebDriver tests using a next-generation functional testing tool
  • Page object model
  • Functional Testing Refactorings
  • Cross-browser testing
  • Setting up a continuous testing server to manage the execution of a large number of automated UI tests
  • Requirement traceability matrix
  • Strategies on team collaboration and test automation adoption in projects and organizations

To help readers learn more effectively, the book has a dedicated site containing the following resources:

  • Software. Test automation is not necessarily expensive. All test frameworks featured in this book are free and open-source.
  • Sample test scripts. Ready-to-run test scripts for the exercises in the book.
  • Demo web sites. Two demo sites were created for readers to try out test scripts.
  • Tutorial screencasts. You will be able to see how exercises are done step by step.

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Author

About the Author

Zhimin Zhan

Zhimin Zhan is the founder and principal agile testing coach of AgileWay Pty Ltd, Australia. As an advisor and coach, he helps organisations implement test automation using Continuous Testing with open technologies, such as Selenium WebDriver / Appium. Zhimin is the creator of TestWise, the next-generation functional testing tool that supports functional test refactorings, and BuildWise, an international award-winning Continuous Testing Server. Zhimin is a frequent speaker and author of 14 books on software testing and programming. He shares his test automation and CI experience on Substack and Medium.

Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

  1. Who should read this book?
  2. How to read this book?
  3. What’s inside the book?
  4. Test scripts, Screencasts and other resources
  5. Send me feedback
  6. Acknowledgements

1What is Web Test Automation?

  1. 1.1Test automation benefits
  2. 1.2Reality check
  3. 1.3Reasons for test automation failures
  4. 1.4Successful web test automation
  5. 1.5Learning approach
  6. 1.6Next action

2First Automated Test

  1. 2.1Test Design
  2. 2.2Installing TestWise (about 2 minutes)
  3. 2.3Create Automated Test
  4. 2.4Selenium Syntax in minutes
  5. 2.5Create a test case
  6. 2.6Run the full test in a Chrome browser
  7. 2.7Running on macOS
  8. 2.8When a test failed…
  9. 2.9Wrap up

3How Automated Testing works

  1. 3.1Web test drivers
  2. 3.2Automated testing rhythm
  3. 3.3Test frameworks
  4. 3.4Run tests from the command line

4TestWise - Functional Testing IDE

  1. 4.1Philosophy of TestWise
  2. 4.2TestWise project structure
  3. 4.3Test execution
  4. 4.4Keyboard navigation
  5. 4.5Snippets
  6. 4.6Script library
  7. 4.7Test refactoring
  8. 4.8Wrap up

5Case Study

  1. 5.1Test site
  2. 5.2Preparation
  3. 5.3Create a test project
  4. 5.4Test Suite: Sign in
  5. 5.5Test Suite: Select Flights
  6. 5.6Enter passenger details
  7. 5.7Book confirmation after payment
  8. 5.8Run all tests
  9. 5.9Wrap up

6Maintainable Functional Test Design

  1. 6.1Record/Playback leads to unmaintainable test scripts
  2. 6.2Success criteria
  3. 6.3Maintainable automated test design
  4. 6.4Maintain with ease
  5. 6.5Case Study: refine test scripts
  6. 6.6Wrap Up

7Test Automation Characteristics

  1. 7.1Specific
  2. 7.2Clean
  3. 7.3Independent
  4. 7.4Frequent
  5. 7.5Focused
  6. 7.6Programmable
  7. 7.7Creative
  8. 7.8Sustainable
  9. 7.9Wrap up

8Functional Test Refactoring

  1. 8.1Code refactoring
  2. 8.2Functional test refactoring
  3. 8.3Tool support
  4. 8.4Case study
  5. 8.5Summary

9Review

  1. 9.1Syntax errors
  2. 9.2Set up source control
  3. 9.3GUI Object Map
  4. 9.4Custom libraries
  5. 9.5Debugging
  6. 9.6Cross-browser functional testing
  7. 9.7Data-Driven Test
  8. 9.8What is the best learning method?

10Collaboration

  1. 10.1Pre-requisite
  2. 10.2Scenario 1: “It worked on my machine”
  3. 10.3Scenario 2: Synergy
  4. 10.4Scenario 3: Acceptance Test-Driven Development
  5. 10.5Wrap up

11Continuous Integration with Functional Tests

  1. 11.1Long feedback loop
  2. 11.2Continuous Integration
  3. 11.3Continuous Integration and Testing
  4. 11.4CI build steps
  5. 11.5Functional UI testing build step with Rake
  6. 11.6Set up a Continuous Testing server: BuildWise
  7. 11.7Create a Build Project
  8. 11.8Trigger test execution manually
  9. 11.9Feedback while test execution in progress
  10. 11.10Build finished
  11. 11.11Exercise: Set up CT for your own project
  12. 11.12Review

12Test Reporting

  1. 12.1Reporting automated test results
  2. 12.2Defect tracking
  3. 12.3Requirement traceability

13WebDriver Backed variants

  1. 13.1Watir
  2. 13.2RWebSpec
  3. 13.3Capybara
  4. 13.4Test design with Watir, RWebSpec and Capybara
  5. 13.5Review

14Cucumber

  1. 14.1Cucumber framework
  2. 14.2Comparison: RSpec and Cucumber
  3. 14.3RSpec and Cucumber co-exist

15Adopting Test Automation

  1. 15.1Seek executive sponsorship
  2. 15.2Choose test framework
  3. 15.3Select test tool
  4. 15.4Find a mentor
  5. 15.5Manage expectation
  6. 15.6Solo test automation
  7. 15.7Common mistakes
  8. 15.8Wrap up

Appendix 1 Functional Test Refactoring Catalog

  1. Move Test Scripts
  2. Extract Function
  3. Extract to Page Class
  4. Introduce Page Object
  5. Rename

Appendix 2 Case Study: Test Automation in ClinicWise project

  1. Build Stats
  2. Stage 1: Write automated tests on the first day
  3. Stage 2: Set up CI server within the first week
  4. Stage 3: Release to production early
  5. Stage 4: Release often (daily)
  6. Stage 5: Set up parallel test execution in CI
  7. Questions and Answers

Resources

  1. Books
  2. Web Sites
  3. Tools

References

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